Siapakah central bank?
Untuk Malaysia, bank pusat adalah Bank Negara Malaysia.
Fungsi bank pusat:
3) Memainkan peranan pembangunan yang penting, termasuk pembangunan infrastruktur sistem kewangan dengan penekanan utama diberikan kepada pembinaan sistem pembayaran yang cekap dan selamat di negara ini serta institusi yang diperlukan (termasuk Suruhanjaya Sekuriti, KLSE, kini dikenali sebagai Bursa Malaysia dan Perbadanan Jaminan Kredit) yang penting ke arah membina sistem kewangan yang komprehensif, kukuh dan berdaya tahan.
4) Mempromosikan inklusi kewangan, yang telah membawa kepada peningkatan akses kepada perkhidmatan kewangan untuk semua sektor ekonomi dan segmen masyarakat, sekali gus menyokong pertumbuhan ekonomi yang seimbang.
5) Peranan penting lain Bank adalah sebagai bankir dan penasihat kepada Kerajaan, memainkan peranan aktif dalam menasihati mengenai dasar makroekonomi dan mengurus hutang awam. Ia juga merupakan pihak berkuasa tunggal dalam mengeluarkan mata wang serta mengurus rizab antarabangsa negara.
Peranan Bank disokong oleh 39 jabatan/unit yang meliputi tujuh bidang fungsional berikut.
- Monetary Policy: Manages money supply and interest rates to promote maximum employment and stable prices.
- Financial System Stability: Works to contain systemic risks in financial markets.
- Bank Supervision: Regulates and supervises banks to ensure safety and soundness.
- Payment Systems: Oversees the nation's payment and settlement systems (like Fedwire).
- Consumer Protection: Promotes fair lending and community development.
- Board of Governors: Seven members appointed by the President, based in Washington, D.C..
- 12 Federal Reserve Banks: Regional banks serving their districts, providing economic perspectives.
- Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC): Sets key monetary policy, including interest rates.
- It's an independent central bank, meaning its monetary policy decisions don't require presidential or congressional approval, though its Board members are appointed by the President.
- Central banks' actions and statements can significantly impact stock market prices. They control the money supply, interest rates, and exchange rates, all of which can have direct and indirect effects on stock market valuations.
- Paying attention to central bank announcements and press conferences about interest rate decisions, economic outlooks, and policy changes can help you anticipate market movements and adjust your trading strategy accordingly.